.. _technologies: Technologies ===================================== The technology class is a subclass of the ModelComponent class. In the model, we further distinguish between generic technologies and specific technologies. Generic technologies offer a framework that can be adjusted for multiple technologies: only the performance parameters, and the input and output carriers change, while the equations remain the same. Technology types, divided by generic and specific technologies: - Generic technologies: - RES - CONV1 - CONV2 - CONV3 - CONV4 - STOR - Specific technologies: - DAC adsorption - Gas turbine - Heat pump - Hydro open - Combined Cycle with fixed size (cannot be sized) - Add-ons - Carbon Capture All technology types listed above are modelled as subclasses of the :class:`Technology` class. An overview of all technologies that are currently modelled, and the technology classes / types used to model them, can be found :ref:`here `. Additionally, you can attach a post combustion CCS to any technology (see :ref:`here `) Technology Class ------------------------------------------------------------- As mentioned, the technology class is a subclass of the ModelComponent class. In general, all technology subclasses share the equations of this class, though some exceptions are there for specific technologies (the subclass then overwrites the class method). .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.technology :members: Technology Generic Technologies -------------------------------- .. _generic_technologies: .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.genericTechnologies.res :members: Res .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.genericTechnologies.conv1 :members: Conv1 .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.genericTechnologies.conv2 :members: Conv2 .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.genericTechnologies.conv3 :members: Conv3 .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.genericTechnologies.conv4 :members: Conv4 .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.genericTechnologies.stor :members: Stor Specific Technologies ---------------------------------------------- **Solid Sorbent Direct Air Capture** .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.specificTechnologies.dac_adsorption :members: DacAdsorption **Heat Pump** .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.specificTechnologies.heat_pump :members: HeatPump **Gas Turbine** .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.specificTechnologies.gas_turbine :members: GasTurbine **Hydro Open** .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.specificTechnologies.hydro_open :members: HydroOpen **Combined Cycle with fixed size** .. automodule:: adopt_net0.components.technologies.specificTechnologies.combined_cycle :members: CCPP .. _ccs_docu: Carbon Capture ---------------------- The carbon capture object (CCS, even though it refers just to the capture technology), which does not constitute an independent technology itself, can be attached to any technology with a positive emission factor. To do this, you need to add (if not already present) the following lines of code to the json file under the “Performance” section of the technology you wish to equip with CCS: "ccs": { "possible": 1, "co2_concentration" : 0.08, "ccs_type": "MEA_medium" }, To see an example of how this is done, you can look at the json file of the GasTurbine_simple_CCS technology. When you want to have the possibility of installing CCS, you need to set the “possible” option to 1. Moreover, you can specify the CO2 concentration in the flue gas of your emitting technology; this will influence the costs and energy performance of the CCS. With “ccs_type” you can specify the specific capture technology you wish to use. So far, only post combustion capture with MEA is modelled (following the work of Weimann et Al. 2023 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.120738), and you can choose the between small, medium and large according to the size range that you expect for the capture plant (the range of the sizes – based on the flue gas flow in t/h – can be found in each json file of the CCS object, e.g. “MEA_medium.json”). The CCS needs heat and electricity as input to run. Therefore, you have to make sure to have those carriers available. Moreover, the CCS will produce an extra carrier as output of the emitting technology called “CO2captured” in amount equal to the CO2 captured from the flue gas. The CO2captured needs to be sent to a storage site or exported. In AdOpT-NET0 a storage site is represented with the SINK class of technologies. So far, only the “PermanentStorage_CO2_simple” SINK technology is available. This storage takes CO2captured and electricity (for compression and injection) as inputs and it has no output. The costs of this sink are given only by the amount of CO2 stored times a fixed cost per ton of CO2 (no capital costs). To account for the capture of CO2 in the emissions balance, when the CC is implemented the amount of CO2 that is captured is subtracted from the emissions of the technology. To summarize, if you want to add the CCS option to a technology you have to: - Add “ccs” section in the “Performance” of the json file as above and adjust the settings to your case study (concentration and CC technology type and size) - Have electricity, heat (with import possibility if required) and CO2captured as carriers - Have a technology type SINK or CO2captured export option - Add CO2 transport option if sink and capture are in different nodes